| BOESCHENSTAIN, JOHANNES – German Hebraist; born at Eslingen in 1472; said to have been of Jewish parentage, this statement, however, being denied by himself. He was among the earliest to revive the study of Hebrew in Germany, having been a pupil of Moses... |
| BOULÉ – Court of justice, or Sanhedrin; also the seat of the senate (Josephus, "B. J." v. 4, § 2; hence also , βουλευτής = "senator"; Giṭ. 37a; Sem. viii., "the boulés or senates of Judea"). According to Yer. Ned. iii. 2; Shab. iii. 8;... |
| BREITHAUPT, JOHN FREDERICK – John Frederick Breithaupt.(From Breithaupt's "Rashi.")Christian Hebraist and rabbinical scholar at the beginning of the eighteenth century; aulic councilor to the emperor and to the duke of Gotha. He produced an elaborate... |
| BROUGHTON, HUGH – English Christian divine and rabbinical scholar; born 1549 at Oldbury, Shropshire; died at Tottenham, near London, Aug. 4, 1612. Broughton was entered at Magdalene College, Cambridge, where he began his Hebrew studies under the... |
| BROWN, WILLIAM – Scottish clergyman; born 1766; died 1835; for forty-three years minister of Eskdalemuir, Scotland. He is the author of "Antiquities of the Jews Carefully Compiled from Authentic Sources, and Their Customs Illustrated from Modern... |
| BUXTORF (BUXTORFF), JOHANNES – Appointed Professor of Hebrew. The principal founder of rabbinical study among Christian scholars; born Dec. 25, 1564, at Kamen, Westphalia; died Sept. 13, 1629, at Basel. He studied at Marburg and afterward at Herborn, where... |
| BUXTORF, JOHANNES – Becomes Professor of Hebrew. Johannes Buxtorf, the son of the elder; known as Johannes Buxtorf II.; Christian Hebraist; born at Basel Aug. 13, 1599; died there Aug. 16, 1664. Before the age of thirteen he matriculated at the... |
| BUXTORF, JOHANNES B. – Nephew of Johannes Jakob Buxtorf; born Jan. 8, 1663; died June 19, 1732. He was professor of Hebrew at Basel, and published "Specimen Phraseologiæ V. T. Hebr." (Frankfort-on-the-Main, 1717).T. M. K. |
| BUXTORF, JOHANNES JAKOB – Professor of Hebrew at Basel; son of Johannes Buxtorf II. by his fourth wife; born Sept. 4, 1645; died April 4, 1705. According to a letter written by his father to Coccejus ("Op. Anecd." ii. 738) in 1663, he was able at... |
| BUXTORF, JOHANNES RUDOLPHUS – Great-grandson of Johannes Buxtorf I.; born at Basel Oct. 24, 1747; died 1815. After completing his studies in his native city, he became private tutorin the family of the count of Schaumburg-Lippe. On his return to Basel he... |
| CALLENBERG, JOHANN HEINRICH – Professor of theology and philology, and promoter of conversionist enterprise among the Jews; born of peasant parents at Molschleben Jan. 12, 1694; died July 11, 1760. In 1735 he was appointed professor of philology in the... |
| CALMET, AUGUSTIN – French Catholic theologian, historian, and Biblical scholar; born 1672 at Mesnil-la-Horgne in Lorraine; died 1757 in Paris. In 1688 he entered the Order of St. Benedict, and began his studies. Coming across the smaller Hebrew... |
| CALVERT, THOMAS – English Hebrew scholar; born 1606; died at York March, 1679. He wrote "The Blessed Jew of Morocco" (York, 1648), an adaptation of the well-known letter of Samuel Maroccanus, itself probably derived from the polemical treatise of... |
| CALVÖR, CASPER – Lutheran theologian; born Nov. 8, 1650, at Hildesheim, Prussia; died at Clausthal May 11, 1725. He became master of arts in 1674, deacon at Zellerfeld in 1677, superintendent in 1684, councilor of the consistory in 1708, and... |
| CAMPEN, JOHN VAN – Christian professor of Hebrew at Louvain and Cracow; died at Freiburg in Breisgau Sept. 6, 1538. He compiled a Hebrew grammar from Elias Levita's work, which ran through three editions (Cracow, 1534; Paris, 1539, 1543). He also... |
| CAPITO (KÖPFEL), WOLFGANG FABRICIUS – German Hebrew scholar; born at Hagenau, Alsace, in 1478; died Nov., 1541. In 1515 he was appointed professor of theology at Basel; and eight years later provost of St. Thomas, Strasburg. He wrote a Hebrew grammar and various... |
| CAPPEL, LOUIS (LUDOVICUS CAPPELLUS) – Christian theologian and Hebrew scholar; descended from an old aristocratic French Hugue-not family; born Oct. 15, 1585; died June 18, 1658. In consequence of the so-called Tractate of Nemours of July 7, 1585, Cappel's parents... |
| CARPZOV, JOHANN BENEDICT II. – German Christian theologian and Hebraist; born 1639; died 1699. He was a member of a family which, like the Buxtorfs, produced a long line of distinguished scholars. He studied Hebrew under Johannes Buxtorf II. in Basel, was... |
| CARPZOV, JOHANN GOTTLOB – German Christian Old Testament scholar; born Sept. 26, 1679, in Dresden; died April 27, 1767, at Lübeck; nephew of Johann Benedict II., and son of Samuel Benedict; most famous and most important Biblical scholar of the Carpzov... |
| CASPARI, CHARLES PAUL – German Semite and Biblical scholar; born at Dessau 1814; died 1892. His parents were Jews, and he was reared in the Jewish faith, but in 1838 became a Christian. In 1847 he was called to the University of Christiania, where he... |
| CHEYNE, THOMAS KELLEY – English Christian Biblical critic, and Oriel professor of Biblical exegesis at the University of Oxford, England; born at London Sept. 18, 1841; educated at Merchant Taylors' School, London, Worcester College, Oxford, and under... |
| CHURCH FATHERS – Their Importance to Judaism. The early teachers and defenders of Christianity. The most important of the fathers lived and worked in a period when Christianity still had many points of contact with Judaism, and they found that... |
| CHURCH FATHERS – Their Importance to Judaism. The early teachers and defenders of Christianity. The most important of the fathers lived and worked in a period when Christianity still had many points of contact with Judaism, and they found that... |
| CLAVERING, ROBERT – Bishop of Peterborough and Christian Hebraist; born in 1671; died July 21, 1747. He was regius professor of Hebrew at Oxford from 1715 until his death. In 1705 at Oxford he published a translation of Maimonides' "Yad," Hilkot... |
| CONCORDANCE – An alphabetical list of all the words in a book, with references to the passages where each word is found. The appellation indicates the concordance or similarity of all such passages. In Jewish literature the term is applied... |