BOMBERG, DANIEL:

List of Bomberg's Hebrew Works. "Tefillot Latini." Italian Jewish Prayers Printed in Hebrew Characters, Bologna, 1538.(In the Library of Columbia University.)

Christian printer and publisher of Hebrew works; born at Antwerp; died at Venice in 1549. After having learned from his father, Cornelius, the art of printing and of type-founding, he went to Venice, where, from 1517 to 1549, he published many editions of Hebrew works, including the following: The editio princeps of the "Biblia Rabbinica" (), the Hebrew Bible with commentaries and three Chaldaic versions or Targumim; the first Hebrew Bibles; editions of and commentaries on the Pentateuch and other Biblical books; many grammatical and lexicographical works; philosophical and ethical treatises; rituals; Mekilta; Sifra; Sifre; parts of the Mishnah; several Midrashim; and, under the auspices of Pope Leo X., the first complete editions of the Babylonian Talmud (with the commentaries of Rashi, Tosafot, and R. Asher b. Jehiel) and the Jerusalem Talmud. In the selection and editing of works to be printed he was assisted by Ḥiyya b. Meïr (for Isserlein), Baruch Adelkind (for Colon), and Jacob b. Ḥayyim (for the Talmud), and others. The following is an approximatelycomplete list of the Hebrew works issued by Bomberg, in chronological order:

Biblia Rabbinica, ed. i., 4 parts1516-17
Hafṭarot1516-48
Bible, ed. i1517
Psalms, ed. i1518
Prayer-Book of Roman Ritual1519
Joseph Colon's Responsa1519
Israel Isserlein, 1519
"Liḳḳute Pardes" (extracts from various authors)1519
Babylonian Talmud, ed. i., 15 vols. (first complete edition)1520-23
Kiddushin1520
Pesahim between1520-23
Bible, ed. ii1521
Alfasi's " Halakot"1521-22
Psalms ed. ii1521
Abot, ed. i1521
Megillat Setarim (Parody on Purim), ed. i.1522
Pentateuch1522
Moses de Coucy, "Sefer fer Miẓwot," ed. i1522
Jacob ben Asher, "Turim"1522
Proverbs, Song of Songs and Ecclesiastes, ed. i1522
Moses b. Naḥman, Commentary, "Baba Batra"1523
Isaac Nathan b. Kalonymus, "Meïr Netib"1523
Aaron ha-Levi of Barcelona, "Sefer ha- Ḥinnuk"1523
Miḳeweh Abraham1523
Abraham Saba, (Novellæ)1523
Recanati on the Pentateuch.1523
Jerusalem Talmud, ed. pr1523
Pentateuch, Megillot, Hafṭarot, ed. i1523
Baruch b. Isaac of Worms, "Sefer ha- Terumah"1523
Solomon b. Adret, Novellæ on Berakot and Ḥullin1523
Psalms, ed. iii1524
Proverbs, Song of Songs and Ecclesiastes ed. ii1524
Maimonides, "Yad ha- Ḥazaḳah" (2 vols.)1524
Tefillah (Spanish ritual)1524
Biblia Rabbinica, ed. ii., 4 parts1524-25
Bible, ed. iii1525-28
Abot, ed. ii1526
Mishnah Sukkah1526
Mishnah Ḥullin1526
Babylonian Talmud, 15 parts, second ed.1526-48
Pentateuch, Megillot, Hafṭarot, ed. ii1527
Mishnah Sheḳalim1527
Job and Daniel, ed. i.1527
Elijah Mizraḥi, Commentary on Rashi, i1527
Mishnah Ḳodashim and Toharot1528
Prayer-Book (Karaitic rite)1528-29
Tefillah (German ritual)1529
David Ḳimḥi, "Seferha-Shorashim"1529
R. Nathan ben Jehiel, "'Aruk"1531-32
Pentateuch, ed. ii1533
Psalms, ed. iv1537
Job and Daniel, ed. ii1538
Psalms, ed. v1538
Proverbs, Song, and Ecclesiastes, ed. iii.1538
Eliah Levita "Masoret ha-Masorah"1538
Elias Levita, "Tub Ta'am"1538
Benjamin Ze'eb's Responsa1539
Mishnah Mo'ed Ḳaṭan1539
Pentateuch, Megillot, Hafṭarot, eds. iii.-v1543
Bible, ed. iv1544
Elijah Mizraḥhi, Commentary on Rashi, ii.1545
Mekilta1545
Biblia Rabbinica ed. iii., 4 parts1546-48
Hai Gaon, 1546
Pesiḳta1546
Sifre and Sifra1546
Yelamdenu, i. e., Tanḥuma1546
Shoher Tob on the Psalms1546
Moses ibn Habib, "Marpe Lashon"1546
Abraham ibn Ezra,. "Ẓaḥut"1546
Abraham ibn Ezra, "Moznayim"1546
Isaac Arama, Commentary on the Pentateuch1546
"Sha'are Dura"1547
Levi b. Gershon, commentary on the Pentateuch1547
Moses de Coucy, "Sefer Miẓwot," ed. ii.1547
Pentateuch, Megillot, Hafṭarot, ed. v.1548
Baḥya, "Ḥobot ha- Lebabot"1548
Jacob Weil's Responsa1549
His Typography.

Though not actually the father of Jewish typography, as he is sometimes called, Bomberg began a new epoch in that art, and during the latter part of his life had many rivals and imitators even at Venice; these including Francesco Brucello, the two Dei Farri brothers, Marco Antonio Giustiniani, the Bragadini, Jean de Gara, and Zanetto. Some of these having won from Bomberg his ablest assistant, Cornelius Adelkind, acquired considerable wealth in their profession; but Bomberg himself expended so much money on the paper, engravings, and types for which his works were noted, that before his death he had lost almost his whole fortune.

Bibliography:
  • Geiger, Jüd. Zeit. v. 37 et seq.;
  • Steinschneider, in Ersch and Gruber, Encyc. article Jüd. Typographie, xxviii. 43b.
J.M. S.
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