Austrian poet and philosophical writer; born at Nikolsburg Aug. 9, 1821; died at Brünn Dec. 4, 1902. From his earliest childhood he was very sickly; at the age of fifteen his sight and hearing were almost completely destroyed; and later in life he became totally blind.

When but sixteen years old he contributed a number of poems to various periodicals. In 1843 he completed his first important literary production, "Abdul," the Mohammedan Faust legend, in five cantos (2d ed. Berlin, 1852). His "Wien's Poetische Schwingen und Federn" (Vienna, 1847) manifested critical acumen, but also a tinge of political acerbity in its attack on the censor system of the Austrian chancellor Prince Metternich. His friends advised Landesmann to leave Vienna, and he betook himself to Berlin, where he assumed the pseudonym "Hieronymus Lorm" in order to secure his family from possible trouble with the Viennese police. In Berlin he became a regular contributor to Kühne's "Europa." After the revolution of 1848 he returned to Vienna. In 1856 he married; in 1873 he removed to Dresden; and in 1892 he settled in Brünn. A sister of Landesmann's was the second wife of Berthold Auerbach.Landesmann was distinctively a lyric poet. The peculiar vein of pessimism that runs through both his poetry and his prose writings has won for him the title of the "lyrical Schopenhauer."

His more important works are: "Ein Zögling des Jahres 1848," his first novel (3 vols., Vienna, 1855; 3d ed., 1863, under the title "Gabriel Solmar"), in which he treats, among other subjects, of the struggle of the modern Jew against the prejudices of his fellow citizens; "Am Kamin" (2 vols., Berlin, 1856); "Erzählungen des Heimgekehrten" (Prague, 1858); "Intimes Leben" (ib. 1860); "Novellen" (2 vols., Vienna, 1864); "Gedichte" (Hamburg, 1870; 7th ed., 1894); "Philosophisch-Kritische Streifzüge" (Berlin, 1873); "Geflügelte Stunden. Leben, Kritik, Dichtung" (3 vols., Leipsic, 1875); the dramas "Das Forsthaus," "Hieronymus Napoleon," and "Die Alten und die Jungen" (1875); "Der Naturgenuss. Eine Philosophie der Jahreszeiten" (Berlin, 1876); "Neue Gedichte" (Dresden, 1877); "Todte Schuld" (2 vols., Stuttgart, 1878); "Späte Vergeltung" (2 vols., Hamburg, 1879); "Der Ehrliche Name" (2 vols., Dresden, 1880); "Wanderer's Ruhebank" (Leipsic, 1881); "Ausserhalb der Gesellschaft" (ib. 1881); "Der Abend zu Hause" (Breslau, 1881); "Ein Schatten aus Vergangenen Tagen" (Stuttgart, 1882); "Ein Kind des Meeres" (Dresden, 1882); "Der Fahrende Geselle" (Leipsic, 1884); "Vor dem Attentat" (Dresden, 1884); "Natur und Geist im Verhältnis zu den Kulturepochen" (Teschen, 1884); "Die Schöne Wienerin" (Jena, 1886); "Das Leben Kein Traum" (Breslau, 1887); "Auf dem Einsamen Schlosse" (1887); "Die Muse des Glücks und Moderne Einsamkeit" (Dresden, 1893); "Der Grundlose Optimismus" (Vienna, 1894).

Bibliography: Bornmüller, Schriftsteller-Lexikon;
Allg. Zeit. des Jud. Aug., 1891; Dec. 12, 1902;
Oesterreichische Wochenschrift, Dec. 12, 1902;
Meyers Konversations-Lexikon.S. M. Co.